時隔半個多月的托?？荚?/a>，還是熟悉的配方，很多才考過不久的原題再次混搭出現(xiàn)。但是，還是要告訴托福考生——與其賭運氣，押原題，還是要踏實提高聽說讀寫硬實力，畢竟，雖然每場考試都有托福原題，但整體的考試難度依然“在線”，且屢有刷新，因此，只有扎實的托福內(nèi)功才能讓考生應(yīng)對“萬變”！

1.閱讀 Reading

1. Chimpanzee Communication

由于人類無法完全理解動物的交流信號，所有通過教授動物通過手語或代表特定單詞的符號來進行交流。有科學(xué)家教會黑猩猩通過美國手語和人類交流，在一項實驗中，黑猩猩可以使用手語告知人們一些他們不知道的事情，這表明了黑猩猩的手語是自發(fā)的，帶有真正交流的意圖。

2. Agriculture and the classic Maya Collapse

瑪雅文明的崩潰是考古學(xué)上最大的問題之一，隨著不斷研究，其原因被認(rèn)為是入侵、環(huán)境因素、社會動蕩等多種因素。在對于瑪雅農(nóng)業(yè)的研究中，考古學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候變化、環(huán)境退化、土壤肥力下降等原因造成了瑪雅農(nóng)業(yè)的崩潰。

3. Early iron Metallurgy

冶金具有非常悠久的歷史，早期集中在金、銀、銅等金屬冶煉，大約公元前1200年，鐵的冶煉開始出現(xiàn)。鐵的出現(xiàn)和普及對社會結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了重大影響。中國冶鐵發(fā)展表現(xiàn)出歐洲不同的路徑。

4. Mahogany Furniture

位于中美洲附近加勒比海島嶼上的紅木，由于其持久性和美觀，從18世紀(jì)中葉開始受到人們的青睞。文章講解了紅木的生長及其伐木方式。

5. Forming the Building Blocks of Life 

氨基酸在早期地球生命形成中扮演了重要角色。紫外線和閃電可能是促成氨基酸自然合成的兩種環(huán)境因素，它們能夠?qū)⑺?、氨和碳?xì)浠衔镏械脑又匦陆M合為氨基酸。

6. Woodblock Prints

版畫是一種通過在物體表面雕刻、上墨后進行批量印刷的藝術(shù)形式，便于運輸、管理和近距離觀看。盡管很少有藝術(shù)家因版畫成名，但它比傳統(tǒng)雕塑更具創(chuàng)作自由。相比其他藝術(shù)形式，版畫可能不夠正式或宏大，但更易讓觀眾產(chǎn)生親近感。

7. Egyptian Sculpture

古埃及雕塑以宗教功能為核心，常用于陵墓、神廟與祭祀場所。藝術(shù)家精細(xì)雕刻法老與神靈形象，體現(xiàn)其神圣地位。

以上回憶可能有偏差，僅供參考，歡迎大家補充~

2.聽力

Listening
C1
學(xué)生計劃在秋季去巴黎進行交換學(xué)習(xí)，但是與同時段開設(shè)的美國文學(xué)課程產(chǎn)生沖突，而且該課程的暑期班也已經(jīng)滿員，因此，學(xué)術(shù)顧問建議她在巴黎修一門等效課程，學(xué)生雖然覺得奇怪，但最終仍然決定在巴黎尋找合適課程。

C2

學(xué)生因為對小麥過敏，提出想要更換餐飲。工作人員告知食堂有提供無小麥?zhǔn)澄?，紅色標(biāo)簽是小麥相關(guān)食物，黃色標(biāo)簽是純素食，滿足需求。

C3

學(xué)生和教授討論天文學(xué)話題，提到了技術(shù)發(fā)展對望遠(yuǎn)鏡、乃至宇宙認(rèn)識的影響和改變。學(xué)生對望遠(yuǎn)鏡的工作原理和用途感興趣，教授建議學(xué)生選修相關(guān)課程。

C4

學(xué)生選修體育課，對排球感興趣，但是擔(dān)心時間問題和課程壓力。老師介紹了訓(xùn)練安排，并表明體育課對學(xué)生的好處，學(xué)生決定加入排球隊。

C5

學(xué)生和老師討論一位意大利畫家的藝術(shù)發(fā)展歷程，老師表示地理和文化環(huán)境的變化對畫家的畫風(fēng)和主題產(chǎn)生了影響。

L1 植物學(xué)

探討了植物如何通過多種繁殖策略來適應(yīng)環(huán)境，確保后代延續(xù)。

L2 藝術(shù)

介紹拼布藝術(shù)從實用性向視覺藝術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展。

L3 音樂

20世紀(jì)初，有作曲家開始探索新的音樂表現(xiàn)形式，形成了前衛(wèi)音樂流派，但這種流派風(fēng)格難以被人們理解。文章著重介紹了代表人物約翰·凱奇及其名作。

L4 考古學(xué)

地質(zhì)考古學(xué)家通過研究美洲遺址土堆及石珠，揭示了早期獵人采集者的生活。

L5 生物學(xué)

介紹了動物如何通過體型變化應(yīng)對環(huán)境變化。

L6 心理學(xué)

講解了睡眠對transitive cognition的影響。

以上回憶可能有偏差，僅供參考，歡迎大家補充~

3.口語
Speaking
Task 1

第一套

Some students like to review their notes regularly on a daily basis, while others like to review their notes just before the test. Which do you prefer?

有人喜歡每天抽時間看筆記復(fù)習(xí)，有人喜歡考試前再復(fù)習(xí)，你更傾向哪種方法？

第二套

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement——Students should have a one-year vacation before they attend universities.

你是否同意上大學(xué)前，學(xué)生有一年假期？

第三套 

When a new technological device becomes available, some people will buy it right away, while others will wait until many people have acquired it. Which way do you prefer? 

當(dāng)新科技產(chǎn)品上市，有人喜歡第一時間購買，有人則是等其他人買了之后再買，你傾向哪種呢？

Task 2

第一套

學(xué)期末課程的考核方式從考試變?yōu)樵谡n程結(jié)束后的一周內(nèi)完成一篇論文。

聽力觀點：

學(xué)生不同意。

1. 高年級學(xué)生寫論文可以拓展知識面，但是對于低年級學(xué)生來說，還是需要打好課程基礎(chǔ)，而不是寫論文；

2. 相較考試，完成論文的工作量更大，反而會給學(xué)生帶來更大的學(xué)習(xí)壓力。

Task 3

第一套 - 共生關(guān)系 

植物與其他生物之間，在特定條件下形成的依賴互惠關(guān)系。一旦這種條件發(fā)生變化，這種關(guān)系也會發(fā)生變化，其中一方甚至?xí)α硗庖环皆斐蓚Α?/p>

第二套 - Costly Signal 

Task 4

第一套 

從狩獵采集到農(nóng)耕的演變

幾萬年前，人類從狩獵采集轉(zhuǎn)向種植，歷史學(xué)家對發(fā)生這種轉(zhuǎn)變的原因有很多爭論。

1. 隨著人口的增長，狩獵采集的食物已經(jīng)不足以滿足人們的需求，因此，人們逐漸開始進行谷物種植。

2. 隨著氣候變化，人們可以捕獲和采集到的食物大大減少，為了滿足生存，人們不得不想辦法獲得更多食物。

第二套 

商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

指企業(yè)、組織或個體之間，基于業(yè)務(wù)合作、資源共享、信息交流等目的，所形成的一種動態(tài)的、相互關(guān)聯(lián)的關(guān)系體系。

這種關(guān)系的好處是：

1. 有助于實現(xiàn)資源的共享和互補。

2. 彼此之間可以進行信息交流，把握機遇。

以上回憶可能有偏差，僅供參考，歡迎大家補充~

4.寫作

Writing
第一套 - 綜合寫作

Eriel Canal

閱讀部分：

The Erie Canal, built in the early nineteenth century, is an artificial waterway over300 miles long. It connects the Hudson River north of New York City to the interior of the United States. The canal opened up water transport from much of the Midwest all the way to the East Coast of the United States. However, before its construction, many critics doubted that the project would be successful There seemed to be too many challenges.

The first challenge was the local terrain and landscape. The canal had to be dug out and built through areas that would make construction difficult. There were many forests, and clearing a channel through a forest required a slow process of using saws to cut down trees and then axes to chop out the tree stumps and roots that remained. In addition, another challenge was that the canal would also pass through wetlands, in which workers might fall ill from malaria, a disease caused by mosquitoes.

The second challenge was a lack of workers. The entire United States at that time had a relatively small population. The massive construction of a canal would require many thousands of workers, which opponents of the canal said the country would not be able to supply.

Finally, critics argued that the Erie Canal would not yield enough benefits to justify its high cost. The main purpose of the canal was to facilitate commerce between the coast and the interior of the United States. However, at the time there were simply not very many people who lived or wanted to settle in the Midwest, so there wasn't that much in the way of goods produced there to be sent back to the coast.

聽力部分：

反駁閱讀觀點。

The Erie canal was built and was successful. Here's how the challenges described in the reading were overcome. 

First, dealing with clearing the trees and the concerns about malaria. Let's start with the trees. To deal with them, some very useful devices were invented, for example, to pull tree stumps with roots out of the ground. The tree stump was attached with chains to a device called a stump puller. A team of strong animals like oxen then pulled this device, which then pulled the stump out of the ground, greatly reducing the amount of manual labor involved. 

As for the dangers posed by the wetlands, workers simply waited until winter to dig through these regions. Why winter? That was because mosquitoes that cause malaria are not active at that time. Second, getting enough workers, well, thousands of immigrants from Europe arrived in the United States just around the time construction was to start. These new immigrants wanted jobs and were willing to take on the difficult work of digging the canal. So by a lucky coincidence, there was a sufficient number of workers for the construction. 

Lastly, the critics, as you read, argued that there were not enough people in the interior of the United States to generate enough trade. However, there was a reason why not many people lived in the interior. It was difficult to get there and costly to ship goods back. That all changed with the completion of the Erie canal. The travel time for new settlers to get to the Midwest decreased from six weeks to six days. And as to the cost of shipping products from the interior back to the east coast, what had cost $100 to ship over land was reduced to only $10 by way of the waterways.

學(xué)術(shù)討論

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.

In your response, you should do the following：

- Express and support your opinion.

- Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Dr. Diaz:

Today, we will examine what economists call incentives-the motivations that lead people to make certain choices. Cost is a major category of economic incentives. People tend to change their behavior when a particular choice gets more expensive. Let's discuss an example. Some economists argue that a good way to reduce air pollution is for governments to raise the cost (through taxes or other means) of fuel for cars. Do you agree or disagree with this viewpoint?

Andrew:

I think it would be a good idea to raise fuel prices. Making it more expensive to drive cars would cause many people to choose public transportation or use bicycles instead. In my city, they've just added bicycle lanes to all of the major roads. So, it would be easy to give up driving.

Kelly:

I disagree. Why should individuals be punished with such an added expense in their daily lives? The argument for a consumer fuel tax makes the assumption that cars are the biggest source of air pollution, and we need to question if that's an accurate assumption.

第二套 - 綜合寫作

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)是否應(yīng)該私有化

閱讀部分：

Traditionally, infrastructure in the United States-including bridges, highways, electrical grids and water systems has been controlled by city and state governments. States and cities maintain the infrastructure through money obtained from tolls and usage fees. However, with increasing frequency, governments are selling or leasing the infrastructure and the right to collect revenue from it to, private companies. Supporters of privatization of infrastructure argue that it can result in several benefits.

First, by selling infrastructure, city or state governments can quickly raise large amounts of money. For example, the city of Chicago made $2 billion by leasing the Chicago Skyway, a toll road, to a private company for 99 years. The money from the lease allowed Chicago to immediately address issues that would have otherwise gone unfunded, from balancing the budget to improving public schools.

Second, private companies will maintain the condition of infrastructure better than cities or states do. City and state politicians tend to spend tax money on projects that will get them votes. Building new things or supporting new services is more attractive to voters than the almost invisible maintenance of infrastructure, like bridge or water system repair, which is why city- or state-owned infrastructure is often poorly maintained. Private operators, however, are in the business of running the infrastructure successfully, so it is in their best interest to maintain the long-term health of the infrastructure.

Third, private firms are likely to introduce new technologies that will make infrastructure operate better and more efficiently. Private companies have an interest in making the financial investment in new technologies that will ultimately pay off with cost-saving efficiencies, and hence profit, Government burcaucracies have no such incentive, and as a result, many new technologies go unimplemented.

聽力部分：

反駁閱讀觀點。

Infrastructure Privatization is a bad idea. Governments that sell their infrastructure are making short sighted decisions first by selling or leasing infrastructure. 

Governments are actually losing money in the long term. Now, it's true that the city of Chicago took in a huge amount of cash when at least its toll road. But the city also gave up the right to collect tolls for the next 99 years. The amount of money the government would have collected from the tolls would have exceeded the amount of money it made from the sale. The government took in a large sum of money all at once, but it could have earned even more if it had just held on to the road.

Second, it's not a sure thing that private operators will do a good job maintaining infrastructure. The priority of private companies is to generate a short term profit for their owners and investors. Money spent on maintenance reduces short term profits, so companies often avoid or postpone spending money on it. For example, one private company in the southern United States bought a city water system, but it was so determined to make a quick profit that it let the condition of the water system completely deteriorate.

In the end, the city government had to take the water system back to repair it. Third, there is no strong motivation for a private company to invest in new technology to make operations more modern and efficient. The reason is that there is no competition. A city has only one water system, only one electrical service grid. So when a private company controls a piece of infrastructure, it has a virtual monopoly. Because there is no alternative provider the consumers can choose from, there isn't much pressure on the private company to improve the service at all.

學(xué)術(shù)討論

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.

In your response, you should do the following：

- Express and support your opinion.

- Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Dr. Achebe：

This semester, we are studying how children learn and what influences their cognitive development. We know that children are affected both positively and negatively by what they see and hear. Many parents allow their children to watch entertaining or educational videos on devices like smartphones or tablets. Overall, do you think watching a lot of online videos is harmful to children? Why or why not?

Andrew：

I think watching online videos is harmful to children, Children under two years old need to develop communication skills by interacting with other people; passively watching videos exposes them to language, but it's not the same. Also, even for older children, sitting and staring at a device means they are not moving and exercising.

Claire：

I agree with Andrew that very young children who are learning to communicate should not watch a lot of videos, However, for children who are past that stage, videos can be great. Lots of kids videos are about animals and nature, Most kids will never see a whale in its natural environment, but online, they can learn all about whales.

第三套 - 綜合寫作

如何控制false bamboo傳播的方法

閱讀部分：

1. 挖根。

2. 用農(nóng)藥。

3. 引入它的天敵新物種。

聽力部分：

反駁閱讀觀點。

1. 挖根耗時耗力，挖不凈還會再長出來。

2. 需要大量花費，政府不愿負(fù)擔(dān)這筆費用。

3. 天敵物種只適合在溫暖濕潤的地方，false bamboo所在地不適合它們生長。

學(xué)術(shù)討論

Your professor is teaching a class on sociology. Write a post responding to the professor's question.

In your response, you should do the following：

- Express and support your opinion.

- Make a contribution to the discussion in your own words.

An effective response will contain at least 100 words.

Dr. Diaz:

One traditional method of classroom instruction is lecturing. Lecturing involves the teacher talking about a topic for an extended period of time and expecting students to learn by listening attentively. Today, some educators believe that teachers should limit how much time they spend lecturing and instead teach by encouraging in-class discussions and having students work in groups. However, some teachers still teach primarily by lecturing. Do you believe lecturing is an effective teaching method? Why or why not?

Claire:

I think lecturing can be effective. Some teachers can explain even complex concepts by telling interesting stories and by providing memorable examples. When teachers lecture in an entertaining way, students enjoy attending class and feel motivated to learn. Whether a teacher's lectures are effective depends on the teacher.

Paul:

In my opinion, lecturing is mainly ineffective because a teacher who only gives lectures can't know what's going on in students' minds. When a teacher lectures and students are just required to sit there, the teacher can't really check if students understand the lecture. Students have to contribute somehow to show whether or not they are learning.

以上回憶可能有偏差，僅供參考，歡迎大家補充~

以上就是《5.17托?？荚嚮貞?ETS反押題系統(tǒng)升級對你的備考意義》介紹。外語加油站，專業(yè)外語培訓(xùn)服務(wù)平臺?？焖倭私庋潘肌⑼懈?、SAT等外語考試報名信息、報考要求、真題詳解等，歡迎在線預(yù)約咨詢。